Prefabrication Technologies in Modular Housing Construction

Prefabrication Technologies in Modular Housing Construction

Prefabrication technologies are the foundation of modular housing construction,enabling buildings to be produced efficiently,accurately,and sustainably.By transferring construction activities from the site to a controlled factory environment,these technologies improve quality control,reduce construction time,and lower environmental impact.

1.Digital Design and Planning Technologies

1.1 Building Information Modeling(BIM)

BIM is widely used in modular housing to integrate architectural,structural,and MEP(mechanical,electrical,and plumbing)systems into a single digital model.It allows precise coordination,clash detection,and optimization before production begins.

1.2 Parametric and Modular Design

Parametric design tools enable standardized modules to be customized through adjustable parameters,supporting mass customization while maintaining production efficiency.

2.Factory-Based Manufacturing Technologies

2.1 Volumetric Modular Fabrication

Entire three-dimensional modules are manufactured in factories,including structural frames,insulation,finishes,and building services.This technology allows high levels of completion before on-site assembly.

2.2 Panelized Prefabrication Systems

Wall panels,floor panels,and roof panels are prefabricated and assembled on-site.Advanced CNC(Computer Numerical Control)machinery ensures precision cutting and assembly.

2.3 Structural Insulated Panels(SIPs)

SIPs consist of insulating foam cores bonded between structural boards.They provide high thermal performance and are commonly used in modular housing envelopes.

3.Automation and Advanced Manufacturing

3.1 CNC Machining

CNC machines are used to cut steel,timber,and composite materials with high accuracy,reducing errors and material waste.

3.2 Robotic Assembly and Welding

Robotic systems are increasingly used for welding steel frames,assembling panels,and handling repetitive tasks,improving consistency and worker safety.

4.Prefabricated Building Systems Integration

4.1 Prefabricated MEP Systems

Plumbing,electrical,and HVAC components are pre-installed within modules or panels,minimizing on-site work and installation errors.

4.2 Modular Façade Systems

Prefabricated façade panels integrate insulation,cladding,and windows,enabling rapid enclosure of buildings.

5.Transportation and On-Site Assembly Technologies

Lifting and rigging systems designed for modular units

Precision alignment and connection systems

Bolted and dry connections for rapid assembly

6.Benefits of Prefabrication Technologies

Reduced construction time

Improved quality and accuracy

Lower labor dependency on-site

Enhanced sustainability and waste reduction

7.Conclusion

Prefabrication technologies play a critical role in modular housing construction by combining digital design,factory manufacturing,and efficient on-site assembly.Continuous advancements in automation and digitalization are further expanding the potential of modular housing as a modern construction solution.

References

GB/T 7714:Zohourian M,Pamidimukkala A,Kermanshachi S,et al.Modular Construction:A Comprehensive Review.Buildings,2025,15(12):2020.DOI:10.3390/buildings15122020.

MLA:Zohourian,Mohammadamin,et al.“Modular Construction:A Comprehensive Review.”Buildings,vol.15,no.12,2025,article 2020,doi:10.3390/buildings15122020.

APA:Zohourian,M.,Pamidimukkala,A.,Kermanshachi,S.,&Almaskati,D.(2025).Modular construction:A comprehensive review.Buildings,15(12),2020.